An Automated Setup for the Characterization of Time-Based Degradation Effects Including the Process Variability in 40-nm CMOS Transistors


Xhafa X., Güngördü A. D., Erol D., Yavuz Y., Yelten M. B.

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT, cilt.70, 2021 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 70
  • Basım Tarihi: 2021
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1109/tim.2021.3090175
  • Dergi Adı: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aerospace Database, Applied Science & Technology Source, Business Source Elite, Business Source Premier, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, Computer & Applied Sciences, INSPEC, Metadex, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Analog, bias temperature instability (BTI), body effect, hot carrier injection (HCI), integrated circuits, process variations, reliability, test chip, variability, MODEL-BASED ANALYSIS, NBTI, RELIABILITY, BIAS, GENERATION, DEPENDENCE, RECOVERY, STRESS, BTI, HCI
  • İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

This article reports a test chip design in commercial 40-nm process technology to characterize the level of time-based degradation in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). The two phenomena that have been concentrated on are the bias temperature instability (BTI) and the hot carrier injection (HCI). Stress tests have been carried out on both n- and p-MOSFETs with large channel widths and shorter channel lengths, as practically observed in analog and radio frequency circuits. Reliability characterization has been extended to cover the body effect and the impact of process variations both at prestress and poststress stages. The results demonstrate that the designed test chip has been instrumental in observing the extent of degradation due to BTI and HCI. Furthermore, both the body effect and the poststress variability have been found to affect the transistor and circuit performance significantly.