A Guideline for Complex Permittivity Retrieval of TissueMimicking Phantoms From OpenEnded Coaxial Probe Response With Deep Learning

Joof S., Aydinalp C., Dilman İ., Akıncı M. N., Yilmaz T., Çayören M., ...Daha Fazla

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, cilt.70, sa.11, ss.5105-5115, 2022 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 70 Sayı: 11
  • Basım Tarihi: 2022
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1109/tmtt.2022.3209701
  • Dergi Adı: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, Aerospace Database, Applied Science & Technology Source, Business Source Elite, Business Source Premier, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, Computer & Applied Sciences, INSPEC, Metadex, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.5105-5115
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Admittance model, complex permittivity (CP), Debye parameters, deep learning, openended coaxial probe (OECP), DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES, BIOLOGICAL TISSUES, MICROWAVE, MODELS, RADIO
  • İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

In this work, we proposed a general guideline and a technique for retrieving the complex permittivities (CPs) of material under test (MUT) from the measured reflection coefficients (RCs) obtained with the openended coaxial probe (OECP) through a deep learning model (DLM). Particularly, lossy materials such as phantoms mimicking the biological tissues are considered as MUT in this study. The dataset used to design (train, validate, and test) the DLM is synthetically generated using the relationship between the CPs of the MUT, namely, admittance model, and the fourpole Cole-Cole relaxation model. Moreover, the technique is implemented to accurately predict the CPs of biological tissues with real measured RCs' data from 0.5 to 20 GHz with a 50-MHz resolution. This technique eliminates the need to physically perform measurements required to create the dataset for DLM and it can be easily implemented for realtime CPs' measurement of biological tissues. The designed DLM is initially trained, validated, and tested with 80%, 10%, and 10% of the total generated synthetic dataset, respectively. A percent relative error of 1.5 +/- 0.88% is obtained for CPs' prediction at the test stage. Furthermore, DLM is tested with real RCs' data measured from four different tissue-mimicking phantoms: skin, muscle, blood, and fat. Predicted CPs from DLM are compared with the CPs' results obtained from a commercially available OECP measurement kit. A (mean) +/- (std.dev) percent relative error ranging from 2.08 +/- 0.4 to 10.84 +/- 2.43 within the frequency band of interest was obtained after comparison.