Deep Thermohaline Circulation Across the Closure of the Central American Seaway

Ogretmen N., Schiebel R., Jochum K. P., Stoll B., Weis U., Repschlager J., ...Daha Fazla

PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY, cilt.35, sa.12, 2020 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 35 Sayı: 12
  • Basım Tarihi: 2020
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1029/2020pa004049
  • Dergi Adı: PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Agricultural & Environmental Science Database, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), Artic & Antarctic Regions, Geobase
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Caribbean Sea, Central American Seaway, C, wuellerstorfi, bottom&#8208, water temperature, thermohaline circulation, fs&#8208, LA&#8208, ICP&#8208, MS, FORAMINIFERAL MG/CA-PALEOTHERMOMETRY, CARBONATE ION CONCENTRATION, CARIBBEAN SEA, PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA, NA INCORPORATION, SOUTH-AMERICA, PANAMA UPLIFT, ICE VOLUME, SALINITY, TEMPERATURE
  • İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Hayır

Özet

The closure of the Central American Seaway (CAS) resulted in changes of ocean-climate dynamics since the late Miocene following the uplift of northern Andes. Reconstructing the bottom-water temperatures (BWTs) of the Caribbean Sea illustrates feedbacks of the closure on the ocean-climate system including deep-water dynamics of the Caribbean Sea. Here, Mg/Ca-derived BWTs of the Plio-Pleistocene Caribbean Sea from the benthic foraminifer Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi are presented for the first time and interpreted along with Na/Ca and Sr/Ca as proxies of salinity and continental input, respectively. Our results highlight several warm (93, Gi15-19, and N1) and cool (92, M2, Gi20, and CN4) marine isotope stages (MISs). Accordingly, changes in the circulation of deep-water masses during the CAS closure developed in four main time intervals: (I) between 5.2 and 4.1 Ma (million years ago) BWT was similar to 1.1 degrees C, (II) 4.1-3.2 Ma similar to 2.1 degrees C, (III) 3.2-2.7 Ma similar to 2.7 degrees C, and (IV) 2.7-2.2 Ma similar to 2.1 degrees C. Relatively higher, gradually increased temperatures between 3.2 and 2.7 Ma correspond to late Pliocene warmth and restricted inflow of Pacific waters into the Caribbean due to shoaling of the CAS. In addition, Sr/Ca values reveal gradually escalating terrigenous input until 2.7 Ma most likely related to the increased river discharge in response to the Andean uplift. The gradual decrease of the BWTs from 2.7 Ma may have resulted from the onset of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. Overall, BWTs match with previous sea surface temperatures from the planktic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. The BWTs presented here confirm intensified thermohaline circulation during the overall Pliocene warmth with increased bottom-water Na/Ca values indicating enhanced salinity.