Identification of transformation products during Doxylamine chloramination for NDMA mitigation

Coskun B., Bilgin-Saritas N., Aydin E., Pehlivanoğlu Mantaş E.

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, 2022 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Publication Date: 2022
  • Doi Number: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2135462
  • Journal Name: ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, PASCAL, Aerospace Database, Aqualine, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), BIOSIS, Biotechnology Research Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, EMBASE, Environment Index, Geobase, Greenfile, INSPEC, MEDLINE, Metadex, Pollution Abstracts, Veterinary Science Database, DIALNET, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Keywords: Chloramination, Doxylamine, NDMA, nontargeted, transformation products, N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE NDMA, PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS, DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS, WASTE-WATER, DRINKING-WATER, TERTIARY-AMINES, PRECURSORS, PHARMACEUTICALS, RANITIDINE, KINETICS
  • Istanbul Technical University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a disinfection byproduct that forms at the presence of an organic nitrogen precursor. Doxylamine, an antihistaminic pharmaceutical, is a precursor of NDMA and has been shown to form NDMA in the presence of chloramine. In this study, the effect of Doxylamine as an NDMA precursor has been further studied during chloramination. The end product and byproducts during chloramination were investigated using a high-resolution mass spectrometer by taking samples at different time intervals. Results suggest that NDMA is not the only end product forming during chloramination of Doxylamine and several transformation products that do not end up as NDMA may form. A group of these transformation products have been selected based on their relative amounts during chloramination with time and notated as Focus Tentative Transformation Products (FTTPn). The identification of these byproducts will make it easier to study the conditions during chloramination that may favour these 'known' transformation products with the use of less sophisticated analytical instruments. Then, it might lead to the establishment of chloramination protocols that will minimise the formation of NDMA from its precursors.